SMOLUCHOWSKI, MARIAN.

Über durchschnittliche maximale Abweichung bei Brown'scher Molekularbewegung und Brillouin's Diffusionsversuche.

Wien, Alfred Hölder, 1915. 8vo. Unopened, uncut in the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper "Überreicht vom Verfasser" [i.e. "Given by the author"]. Offprint from "Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften", Abteilung IIa, 124. Band, 3. und 4. Heft. A very fine and clean copy. 14 pp.

First printing of Smolukowski's important paper the Average deviation in Brownian motion in relation to Brillouin's experiments on diffusion.

Einstein and Smolukowski work simultaneously and independently in the beginning of the 1900ies Brownian Motion. Smolukowski continued his work in this field and he work is distinct from Einstein's since Einstein relate it to diffusion.

"From about 1900 Smoluchowski worked on Brownian movement. He wished to use experimental data to verify the theory he had obtained desire complicated by the confused situation of experimental research. In the meantime Einstein, in papers of 1905 and 1906, had presented a solution to the problem. Smoluchowski then decided to publish his results in 1906, which presented his different method. Einstein started from general relations of statistical physics, an approach that was universal but did not lend itself to visualization. For example, Einstein said nothing of the collisions between a Brownian particle and the surrounding molecules. Smoluchowski started by examining the effects of successive collisions and obtained a final formula that differed little from Einstein's. Smoluchowski's further works in this field extend through an examination of the Brownian movement of a particle undergoing the influence of a quasi-elastic force to the Brownian movements of macroscopic bodies. At the Conference of Natural Scientists at Münster in 1912, Smoluchowski proposed the observation of the Brownian rotative movement of a small mirror suspended on a thin quartz fiber and the observation free end of a similar fiber. The first experiment was performed by W. Gerlach and E. Lehrer in 1927, and later by Eugen Kappler; the second, by A Houdijk and P. Zeeman, and by E. Einthoven. In 1925, Both experiments confirmed Smoluchowski's calculations."

Order-nr.: 48662